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Performer: Elizabeth Pfaffle The 2nd valve (middle finger) adds enough tubing to lower the fundamental a half-step. The 1st valve (index finger) adds enough tubing to lower the fundamental a whole-step. The 3rd valve lowers the fundamental an additional minor 3rd. This allows for a chromatic scale of seven different fundamentals, enough to fill in the perfect-5th gap between the 2nd and 3rd partials.
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